Evaluating Social Skills of Female Athlete Students in Several Sports

Social skills not only influencing interpersonal relationships and following acquisitive properties but also decreasing mental problems, psychological disorders and behavioral deviations through educational progress caused exercise to be tested as an educational subject in this study comparing impact of physical exercise on social skills in several sports. Therefore, this study compared social skills of female students participating in national championship competitions. The statistical population was comprised of 2500 high school students and 216 subjects were selected randomly. Two questionnaires were used in order to collect data: Personal Information Questionnaire and Social Skills Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data. The results demonstrated that track and field athletes were better than others in 7 subscales of social skills, but swimming athletes had lower social skills. Furthermore, significant difference was between individual and team sport athletes. However, significant relationship between athletic background and social skills was not observed. Moreover, level of function had no effect on social skills. Based on the results of this study, the effect of team sports on social skills was higher than individual sports. Findings of previous research confirmed this issue. It seemed that lack of significant relationship between athletic background and social skills resulted from the homogeneity of the population and sample plus closeness of athletic background of the subjects to each other. Keywords: Social skills, Team sports, Individual sports, Interpersonal relationships, Acquisitive propertie

Assessment of the Inferior Mandibular Canal’s Position by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Objectives: It is important to know the exact location and anatomic variety of inferior alveolar nerve canal for different procedures of mandibular surgeries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate inferior mandibular canal’s anatomic position by Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Methods: In a cross sectional study, CBCT were taken and assessed from 130 patients (260 semi-arch) referring to the radiologic department of Shahid Beheshti Dental Faculty. Three points including 1cm before mental foramen (point A), under second molar’s furcation (point B) and 1cm after mandibular foramen on the inferior alveolar canal (point C) were chosen. The canal diameter, length and the distance between the canal and inferior border of mandible were measured. SPSS version 19 software used for data analysis. T and variance tests evaluated the role of age, gender, canal length and jaw side.Results: Mean age of patients was 43.73±13.25. Canal length, 61.71 ± 4.95 ml and canal diameter was 2.94 ± 0.58 mm. The distance between the canal and the inferior border of mandible was 9.47 ± 2.23 mm. There was a significant difference in gender and age for all parameters. The distance between the canal and the inferior border in C point and at mental foramen in cases with short and long canal length showed a significant difference. (p≤0.012)None of the variables showed significant difference between right and left sides.Conclusion: The anatomic position of mandibular canal is related to gender and canal length, and independent to age and side

Joint Pricing and Inventory Control for Non-instantaneous Deteriorating Items with Stochastic Demand

In recent years inventory and pricing of deteriorating items has gained an enormous attention by many researchers. In this study, an inventory system for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with stochastic demand is modeled. This model has the assumptions that shortages are allowed and backlogging rate is variable where the last one is defined as a function of waiting time for the next replenishment. The objective is to maximize the total profit per unit time by finding the optimal selling price and replenishment schedule simultaneously. The concavity of the function is proved with a unique optimal solution. Thereby we provide an algorithm for finding the optimal solution. Finally, the authors present a numerical example to illustrate the theoretical results. A sensitivity analysis for the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is also carried out

An Enhanced Multi-Objective Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm for Automatic Detection of Overlapping Communities in a Social Network with Node Attributes

Community detection is one of the most important and interesting issues in social network analysis. In recent years, simultaneous considering of nodes' attributes and topological structures of social networks in the process of community detection has attracted the attentions of many scholars, and this consideration has been recently used in some community detection methods to increase their efficiencies and to enhance their performances in finding meaningful and relevant communities. But the problem is that most of these methods tend to find non-overlapping communities, while many real-world networks include communities that often overlap to some extent. In order to solve this problem, an evolutionary algorithm called MOBBO-OCD, which is based on multi-objective biogeography-based optimization (BBO), is proposed in this paper to automatically find overlapping communities in a social network with node attributes with synchronously considering the density of connections and the similarity of nodes' attributes in the network. In MOBBO-OCD, an extended locus-based adjacency representation called OLAR is introduced to encode and decode overlapping communities. Based on OLAR, a rank-based migration operator along with a novel two-phase mutation strategy and a new double-point crossover are used in the evolution process of MOBBO-OCD to effectively lead the population into the evolution path. In order to assess the performance of MOBBO-OCD, a new metric called alpha_SAEM is proposed in this paper, which is able to evaluate the goodness of both overlapping and non-overlapping partitions with considering the two aspects of node attributes and linkage structure. Quantitative evaluations reveal that MOBBO-OCD achieves favorable results which are quite superior to the results of 15 relevant community detection algorithms in the literature

The Applications of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics: A Review of Literature

By producing undistorted three-dimensional images of the area under examination, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems have met many of the limitations of conventional radiography. These systems produce images with small field of view at low radiation doses with adequate spatial resolution that are suitable for many applications in endodontics from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up. This review article comprehensively assembles all the data from literature regarding the potential applications of CBCT in endodontics

The Transitional Effect of Fatigue due to a Period of Physical and Mental Activity on the Level of Learning a Motor Skill

Background: All of the amazing advances in the present world, are the result of human learning. Durability and survival of human being in the world are possible by creating and discovering new ways of teaching and learning. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the transitional effect of fatigue due to a period of physical and mental activity on the level of learning a motor skill. Methods: Participants in this research were all of the students of non-profit female school; among them, 36 students, aged between 15-18years, were selected in simple random and divided into 3 groups of 12 individuals including a mental activity, a physical activity, and a control group. The present study was semi-experimental and of repeated measurement type and included three experimental groups. The exercise protocol was considered for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week and for each session, 5 close and 20 attempts were considered. AAHPERD standard test was used in acquisition, retention and transfer tests. The statistical method of variance analysis with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. Results: the results showed that the physical activity group had a significant difference compared to the control group, while the mental activity group didn't show a significant difference. There is also a significant difference between physical activity and mental activity in motor skill variable. Conclusion: The overall conclusion that can be drawn is that learning the motor skill is not equal in all people and it could be affected by all negative factors affecting learning

Effect of Metal Artifacts on Detection of Vertical Root Fractures Using Two Cone Beam Computed Tomography Systems

Introduction: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is common in endodontically treated teeth. Conventional and digital radiographies have limitations for detection of VRFs. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers greater detection accuracy of VRFs in comparison with conventional radiography. This study compared the effects of metal artifacts on detection of VRFs by using two CBCT systems. Methods and Materials: Eighty extracted premolars were selected and sectioned at the level of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). After preparation, root canals were filled with gutta-percha. Subsequently, two thirds of the root fillings were removed for post space preparation and a custom-made post was cemented into each canal. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=40). In the test group, root fracture was created with Instron universal testing machine. The control teeth remained intact. CBCT scans of all teeth were obtained with either New Tom VGI or Soredex Scanora 3D. Three observers analyzed the images for detection of VRF. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for VRF detection and percentage of probable cases were calculated for each imaging system and compared using non-parametric tests considering the non-normal distribution of data. The inter-observer reproducibility was calculated using the weighted kappa coefficient. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV between the two CBCT systems. Conclusion: The effect of metal artifacts on VRF detection was not significantly different between the two CBCT systems.Keywords: Cast Post; CBCT; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Vertical Root Fractur

How can the Portuguese navigation system in the 15th century inspire the development of the model for project-based learning organizations?

The Portuguese navigation system was established in the 15th century as the first learning organization (LO) and achieved great success. The high similarity of the Portuguese navigation system to Project-Based Organizations (PBOs) inspires the development of a model for Project-Based Learning Organizations (PBLOs). This study analyzed the Portuguese navigation system and its components, based on which a model for PBLO was proposed. Multiple case studies were conducted with two PBOs in the oil and gas industries in order to validate and revise the proposed model. The data was collected from interviews with 20 individuals involved in project and knowledge management in the PBOs. A total of 615 statements made by interviewees were coded and summarized as concepts in the various components of the model. Since the qualitative approach to learning organizations has been neglected and few researches has addressed the issue of PBLOs, the result of this study presents innovative findings on the development learning organizations in project-based environments

Remdesivir associated sinus bradycardia in patients with COVID-19: A prospective longitudinal study

Background: Remdesivir is effective against SARS-Cov-2 with little evidence of its adverse effect on the cardiac system. The aim of the present study is investigating the incidence of bradycardia in COVID-19 patients treated with Remdesivir.Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a tertiary center on COVID-19 patients for Remdesivir therapy. The objectives were to investigate the incidence of sinus bradycardia, and also the association between their demographics, underlying diseases, and the disease severity with developing bradycardia in COVID-19 patients treated with Remdesivir.Results: Of 177 patients, 44% were male. The mean (±standard deviation) age of patients was 49.79 ± 15.16 years old. Also, 33% were hospitalized due to more severe symptoms. Oxygen support was required for all hospitalized subjects. A total of 40% of the patients had comorbidities, with the most common comorbidity being hypertension. The overall incidence of bradycardia (heart rate<60 bpm) in patients receiving Remdesivir was 27%, of whom 70% had extreme bradycardia (heart rate <50 bpm). There was also a statistically significant reduction in heart rate after five doses of Remdesivir compared to the baseline heart rates. In the multivariable model, none of the covariates including age above 60 years, female sex, CRP>50 mg/L, O2 saturation<90%, underlying cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and beta-blockers were associated with Remdesivir-induced bradycardia. No association was found between the COVID-19 severity indicators and bradycardia.Conclusion: As sinus bradycardia is a prevalent adverse cardiac effect of Remdesivir, it is recommended that all COVID-19 patients receiving Remdesivir, be evaluated for heart rate based on examination; and in the case of bradyarrhythmia, cardiac monitoring should be performed during administration to prevent adverse drug reactions